Millenium development goals

So I have decided that I am going to start posting summaries and clippets of A2 geography starting at the beginning of the year,

Our first topic of the year was development so this is where I will start!

LDC’s

These are defined by a few key factors,

-income below $750 per capita per year

-very weak resources

    - i.e healthcare, education, nutrition/calorie intake

-economic vulnerability

    i.e –instable exports and instable agricultural production

these are generally associated with a corruption, dictatorships and conflict.

There are currently 49 countries classified as LDC’s this is divided with 33 in Africa, 15 in Asia and 1 in Latin America (Haiti).

-          16 of these are landlocked and 12 small islands

So the question is what is being done to help these countries?  the answer is millenium development goals.   These are a set of 8 goals set up by 192 united nation members who were  hoping tgo achieve them all by 2015 however each one has their own set of deadlines.

   The first goal:

   -To halve the proportion of people whose income = below $1/day

         -this was set to start in 1990 and be achieved by 2015

  -To achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all

        -reasons? when people lose their jobs it leads to vulnerable employment where human rights are comprimised

       - Halve the proportion who suffer from hunger

                -1990-2015

Achieved by:  subsidy programmes in Malawi and Ghana for fertiliser and feeds

                        Malawi need 2.2 million tonnes for self sufficiency

UNDP- supporting national, rural employment gurantee scheme-India

                                      - Providing a minimum of 10days work a year

Goal 2:  ensuring children everywhere are able to complete primary education by 2015

                    -sub saharan africa and South asia

Being achieved by:

-fees abolished in 8 countries-- Tanzania, enrolement ratio doubled to 99.6% in 2008

-world programme-providing school meals

      -encourages parents to send the children to school

EU- basic education in Africa programme- to adopt legal frameworks guranteeing 8-10 year olds uninterrupted education

for goal 2 to be achieved goal one needs to be achieved first.

Goal number 3!

-elimintaing gender disparity in primary and secondary education
       -2015

-Giving women more time to achieve-
      -Diesel run generators burkino faso - frees up womens time.




Goal 4:

-Reduce under 5 mortality rate by 2/3rds. 1990-2015

Achieved by

   -Immunization programmes- Egypt, Vietnam and Bangladesh

  

   -Mosquito nets provided to reduce malaria

              - Republic of Congo

 Goal number...5!

Reduction of maternal mortality by 3/4

      -1990-2015

Achieved by:

- investing in mobile maternal health units

                -e.g. Pakistan

-achieve universal access to productive health care

Goal 6:

To halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015

Achieved by?

   - access to treatment for thos ethat need it

   - free access to antiretrovial treatment

                   -e.g Botswana-- increase Life Expectancy by 4years

                                          -reduce new cases of HIV

Number 7:

-To halve the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Achieved by:

    -UNICEF- water quality survelance

                    -promote low cost sanitation

                    - promote and improve sanitation in schools

Goal 8:

-Develop an open,rule based, predictable, non-discrimintary trading and financial system

                - Deal comprehensively with debt issues

 

Achieve by?

-UN conference, south-south cooperation

           -co operation thgrough aid, trade technical assistance and investment

                              -- encourages countries of the south to advance valuable partnerships

So this is the first of the many posts to come on development, i hope reading this will start to jog your emory back to last July!!!