So I have decided that I am going to start posting summaries and clippets of A2 geography starting at the beginning of the year,
Our first topic of the year was development so this is where I will start!
LDC’s
These are defined by a few key factors,
-income below $750 per capita per year
-very weak resources
- i.e healthcare, education, nutrition/calorie intake
-economic vulnerability
i.e –instable exports and instable agricultural production
these are generally associated with a corruption, dictatorships and conflict.
There are currently 49 countries classified as LDC’s this is divided with 33 in Africa, 15 in Asia and 1 in Latin America (Haiti).
- 16 of these are landlocked and 12 small islands
So the question is what is being done to help these countries? the answer is millenium development goals. These are a set of 8 goals set up by 192 united nation members who were hoping tgo achieve them all by 2015 however each one has their own set of deadlines.
The first goal:
-To halve the proportion of people whose income = below $1/day
-this was set to start in 1990 and be achieved by 2015
-To achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all
-reasons? when people lose their jobs it leads to vulnerable employment where human rights are comprimised
- Halve the proportion who suffer from hunger
-1990-2015
Achieved by: subsidy programmes in Malawi and Ghana for fertiliser and feeds
Malawi need 2.2 million tonnes for self sufficiency
UNDP- supporting national, rural employment gurantee scheme-India
- Providing a minimum of 10days work a year
Goal 2: ensuring children everywhere are able to complete primary education by 2015
-sub saharan africa and South asia
Being achieved by:
-fees abolished in 8 countries-- Tanzania, enrolement ratio doubled to 99.6% in 2008
-world programme-providing school meals
-encourages parents to send the children to school
EU- basic education in Africa programme- to adopt legal frameworks guranteeing 8-10 year olds uninterrupted education
for goal 2 to be achieved goal one needs to be achieved first.
-elimintaing gender disparity in primary and secondary education
-2015
-Giving women more time to achieve-
-Diesel run generators burkino faso - frees up womens time.
Goal 4:
-Reduce under 5 mortality rate by 2/3rds. 1990-2015
Achieved by
-Immunization programmes- Egypt, Vietnam and Bangladesh
-Mosquito nets provided to reduce malaria
- Republic of Congo
Goal number...5!
Reduction of maternal mortality by 3/4
-1990-2015
Achieved by:
- investing in mobile maternal health units
-e.g. Pakistan
-achieve universal access to productive health care
Goal 6:
To halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015
Achieved by?
- access to treatment for thos ethat need it
- free access to antiretrovial treatment
-e.g Botswana-- increase Life Expectancy by 4years
-reduce new cases of HIV
Number 7:-To halve the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Achieved by:
-UNICEF- water quality survelance
-promote low cost sanitation
- promote and improve sanitation in schools
Goal 8:
-Develop an open,rule based, predictable, non-discrimintary trading and financial system - Deal comprehensively with debt issues
Achieve by?
-UN conference, south-south cooperation
-co operation thgrough aid, trade technical assistance and investment
-- encourages countries of the south to advance valuable partnerships
So this is the first of the many posts to come on development, i hope reading this will start to jog your emory back to last July!!!
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